12/10/2023 0 Comments Documentary bonobo vs chimpanzee![]() Such genomic evidence provides a comparative framework for understanding the evolutionary time scale of the phenotypic differences among extant apes and between the latter and humans. Since these initial publications better quality data and larger data sets have become available, and recently the publication of an additional 40 complete common chimp/bonobo genomes with a 25-fold sequence coverage has clarified both the timing of the split, and the patterns of subsequent gene exchange, between these two species 5. In the past decade researchers published the draft sequences of the nuclear genomes of common chimpanzees 1, orangutans 2, gorillas 3 and bonobos 4. ![]() We discuss these data in the context of available genomic information and debates on whether the common chimpanzee-bonobo divergence is linked to heterochrony. Puzzlingly, there is an evolutionary mosaicism between each of these species and humans. Moreover, in the hindlimb there are only two muscle absence/presence differences between common chimpanzees and bonobos. Moreover, since the common chimpanzee-bonobo split c.2 Ma there have been no changes in bonobos, so with respect to HN-FL musculature bonobos are the better model for the last common ancestor (LCA) of chimpanzees/bonobos and humans. Notably, chimpanzees, and in particular bonobos, provide a remarkable case of evolutionary stasis for since the chimpanzee-human split c.8 Ma among >120 head-neck (HN) and forelimb (FL) muscles there were only four minor changes in the chimpanzee clade, and all were reversions to the ancestral condition. We present the first phylogenetic analysis to include musculoskeletal data obtained from a recent dissection of bonobos. Common chimps and bonobos are our closest living relatives but almost nothing is known about bonobo internal anatomy.
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